1. Primary prevention (preventing cancer)
The main goal is to eliminate risk factors.
Quitting bad habits
Smoking—the main risk factor (cancer of the lungs, larynx, oral cavity)
Limiting alcohol (reduces the risk of cancer of the liver, stomach, esophagus)
Proper nutrition
Increase in consumption:
vegetables and fruits
fiber
Limit:
processed meat
fatty and fried foods
products with carcinogens
Physical activity
At least150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
Reducing cancer risk:
mammary gland
intestines
endometrium
Body weight control
Excess weight is associated with an increased risk of cancer
Infection protection
Some viruses cause cancer:
HPV (human papillomavirus) → cervical cancer
Hepatitis B and C virus → liver cancer
Prevention:
vaccination (HPV, hepatitis B)
safe behavior
UV protection
Using sunscreen
Avoiding prolonged sun exposure
→ reduces the risk of skin cancer
Minimizing exposure to carcinogens
chemicals
radiation
harmful working conditions
2. Secondary prevention (early detection)
Allows detection of cancer at an early stage, when treatment is most effective.
Screening examinations
It is recommended to regularly take:
Mammography (breast cancer)
PAP test (cervical cancer)
Colonoscopy (bowel cancer)
Fluorography / CT (lung cancer)
Blood test and tumor markers (according to indications)
Early detection increases the chance of cure to90% and above
3. Tertiary prevention (prevention of complications)
Aimed at patients with already diagnosed disease:
relapse prevention
status monitoring
rehabilitation
psychological support
Main risk factors
smoking
alcohol
malnutrition
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
infections (HPV, hepatitis)
heredity
harmful environmental factors
Important to remember
cancer -is not a death sentenceif detected early
most risk factors -controllable
regular examinations save lives